This course considers a period in American and Philippine history when the two countries were formally intertwined through law and violence. It begins with the Philippine-American War of 1898 and ends at the start of the postwar Philippine Republic in 1946. The Philippines is the only former formal colony of the US. Yet its history is understudied, mainly because it is inconvenient to think of the US as a European-style colonial power. This course’s primary goal is to help write the colonialism of the Philippines back into US history.